Pinker+&+Bloom

**Glossary:i'**

 * Adaption - A feature that is produced by natural selection for its current function.
 * Spandrel - A biological animal characteristic that is a byproduct of the evolution of some other characteristic or trait.
 * Exaptation - A trait that preforms a function that was not produced by natural selection for its current function.

Whats the difference between spandrel and exaptation?

A spandrel i believe is a product of genes that works like lets say organism A had a mutation that caused it to grow 2x longer than the other anilmals of it's species and that same mutation caused it to have patchy hair all over it's body instead of full fur coverage. That would be a spandrel, and Exadaptiation is when phynological, Like Organism B has a broad tail that evolved to help it swim faster in the water so it could catch fish but then it starts using it's tail to slap preditors in the face to stun them so it can run away.

Natural language - Belongs more to the study of human biology than human culture. Naive adapatationism - Inappropriate use of adaptive theorizing to explain traits that have emerged for other reasons. Like our sones were made for spectacles or our legs were made for pants, humans have two breasts for bearing twins, instead of bilateral symmetry is a basic concept for the mammalian body. Adaptive complexity - a system of interacting parts where the details of the structure and arrangement suggest design to fulfill a certain function. (like the eye or television set)

**Communication:**
Ontological categories in language:
 * 1) Things, events, places, times, manners (events and states)
 * 2) Agent, patients, goals (distinguishing participants/intentional states)
 * 3) Necessity, possibility, probability (distinctions of truth value, modality)
 * 4) Continuous, iterative, punctate (time of event or state)